The role of T cells in cutaneous autoimmune disease.

Overview

T cells assume a fundamental function in immunosurveillance and maintenance of the cutaneous immune barrier, yet derangement of their requisite role effects a range of cutaneous autoimmune diseases with significant associated morbidity. While blistering skin diseases, such as pemphigus vulgaris (PV), pemphigus foliaceus (PF) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are mediated by antibodies directed against autoantigens found in the skin, recent evidence has shown that T cell activation is crucial for the initiation and coordination of this humoral response. Non-blistering skin diseases, such as alopecia areata (AA), vitiligo (VL) and psoriasis (PS) are increasingly believed to be directly mediated by the activities of autoreactive T cells. Here, we examine T lymphocyte control of antibody-mediated and cell-mediated processes involved in the pathoimmunology of the above mentioned skin diseases.