Advances in arthroscopic surgery: indications and outcomes.

Overview

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine recent trends in the use of arthroscopic surgical techniques to address musculoskeletal problems. The review is particularly timely given the rapidly expanding range of indications for diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopic procedures involving virtually every peripheral joint. RECENT FINDINGS: We focus on arthroscopic approaches to problems of the hip, wrist, elbow and ankle. Hip arthroscopy is permitting novel, minimally invasive approaches to the management of femoral acetabular impingement, labral tears, loose bodies and chondral lesions. Wrist arthroscopy has provided novel approaches to ligament tears, synovitis and fractures. Ankle arthroscopy has been especially helpful with soft tissue impingement syndromes, synovitis and fracture. Elbow arthroscopy has been especially helpful in the management of synovitis and osteoarthritis due to osteophytosis. Complications of arthroscopic procedures occur very rarely. Virtually all the literature on arthroscopy outcomes comes from small uncontrolled studies. SUMMARY: Arthroscopy provides a safe alternative to arthrotomy in the management of a wide range of clinical problems. The generally weak designs of studies performed to date compromises the strength of recommendations that can be made about the role of these procedures in clinical practice.