In industrialized nations people infected with HIV remain at increased risk for malignancies despite highly active antiretroviral therapy. In these countries, lymphoma is the most common HIV-associated malignancy. This review summarizes progress from January 2005 to February 2007. The majority of investigation has been in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, with infusional therapy remaining promising but cumbersome. Rituximab likely improves complete response rates, and, possibly overall survival, but is likely associated with increased infections in a subset of patients with very low CD4 counts. Biologic insights have been attained in the spectrum of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and virologic coinfections. Overall, the outcome for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma in the setting of HIV continues to improve as insights into the pathophysiology and treatment advance.
