Autogenous bone grafting for severe angular deformity in total knee arthroplasty.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
Fourteen patients with severe angular knee deformities (range, 30 degrees varus to 35 degrees valgus) had total knee arthroplasty using autogenous bone graft to the tibia. Twelve knees had osteoarthritis, one rheumatoid arthritis, and one gouty arthritis. The preoperative knee motion averaged -5 degrees of extension to 80 degrees of flexion and the average motion arc was 70 degrees. All tibial defects were greater than 25% of the tibial component support surface and more than 10 mm deep. Twelve knees were reconstructed with Insall-Burstein posterior stabilized total condylar knee implants and two knees, with severe preoperative ligamentous instability, with the constrained Total Condylar III implant. Postoperative rehabilitation was routine, and weight bearing was begun, on average, on the third postoperative day. The follow-up period averaged 4.1 years (range, 2-7.3 years). Radiographic analysis revealed no change in knee or component alignment compared with immediate postoperative position. All grafts consolidated without evidence of collapse, resorption, or prosthetic subsidence. All patients had good or excellent clinical results (Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Rating Scale). The average postoperative arc of motion was 90 degrees. There were no infections and no need for implant removal. The technique developed by the senior author (T.P.S.) utilizes bone resected from the distal femur during knee arthroplasty. An oblique planar cancellous surface is created on the recipient side, and coaptation of cancellous distal femoral graft surface to this recipient bed is ensured by vitallium screw fixation. The proximal tibia is reconstituted by the graft, and subchondral femoral bone after shaping of the graft forms the tibial periphery.
