Caplacizumab for Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • BACKGROUND: Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by aggregation of platelets on ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers. This microvascular thrombosis causes multiorgan ischemia with potentially life-threatening complications. Daily plasma exchange and immunosuppressive therapies induce remission, but mortality and morbidity due to microthrombosis remain high. METHODS: Caplacizumab, an anti-von Willebrand factor humanized single-variable-domain immunoglobulin (Nanobody), inhibits the interaction between ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers and platelets. In this phase 2, controlled study, we randomly assigned patients with acquired TTP to subcutaneous caplacizumab (10 mg daily) or placebo during plasma exchange and for 30 days afterward. The primary end point was the time to a response, defined as confirmed normalization of the platelet count. Major secondary end points included exacerbations and relapses. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients underwent randomization (36 were assigned to receive caplacizumab, and 39 to receive placebo). The time to a response was significantly reduced with caplacizumab as compared with placebo (39% reduction in median time, P=0.005). Three patients in the caplacizumab group had an exacerbation, as compared with 11 patients in the placebo group. Eight patients in the caplacizumab group had a relapse in the first month after stopping the study drug, of whom 7 had ADAMTS13 activity that remained below 10%, suggesting unresolved autoimmune activity. Bleeding-related adverse events, most of which were mild to moderate in severity, were more common with caplacizumab than with placebo (54% of patients vs. 38%). The frequencies of other adverse events were similar in the two groups. Two patients in the placebo group died, as compared with none in the caplacizumab group. CONCLUSIONS: Caplacizumab induced a faster resolution of the acute TTP episode than did placebo. The platelet-protective effect of caplacizumab was maintained during the treatment period. Caplacizumab was associated with an increased tendency toward bleeding, as compared with placebo. (Funded by Ablynx; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01151423.).

authors

  • DeSancho, Maria Teresa
  • Peyvandi, Flora
  • Scully, Marie
  • Kremer Hovinga, Johanna A
  • Cataland, Spero
  • Knöbl, Paul
  • Wu, Haifeng
  • Artoni, Andrea
  • Westwood, John-Paul
  • Mansouri Taleghani, Magnus
  • Jilma, Bernd
  • Callewaert, Filip
  • Ulrichts, Hans
  • Duby, Christian
  • Tersago, Dominique

publication date

  • February 11, 2016

Research

keywords

  • Fibrinolytic Agents
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic
  • Single-Domain Antibodies
  • von Willebrand Factor

Identity

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 84959293895

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1056/NEJMoa1505533

PubMed ID

  • 26863353

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 374

issue

  • 6