Progressive lymph node histology and its prognostic value in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS-related complex.

Overview

Seventy-four sequential lymph node biopsies from 30 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/AIDS-related complex (ARC) patients showed temporal histologic progression from explosive follicular hyperplasia (EFH) to mixed follicular hyperplasia/involution (mixed) to follicular involution (FI) to lymphocyte depletion (LD). This histologic progression correlated with symptoms, development of opportunistic infections (OI), and mortality. At initial biopsy, only 50% of the AIDS/ARC patients with EFH/mixed compared to 100% with FI/LD were symptomatic with weight loss, night sweats, diarrhea, fever, or fatigue. 31% of ARC patients with EFH and 63% with FI developed an OI in a median of 69 months and 5 months, respectively; 86% with LD had a concurrent or previous OI. Ninety percent of ARC patients progressing to FI/LD died; 85% of those persisting with EFH/mixed remained alive 18 to 50 months after initial biopsy. AIDS patients with EFH lived twice as long as those with FI/LD. Progressive histology did not correlate with lymphoma. The number of ARC patients developing Kaposi's sarcoma was too small to draw definitive conclusions.