Neighborhood Disadvantage is Associated with High Cytomegalovirus Seroprevalence in Pregnancy. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of fetal malformations and childhood hearing loss. CMV is more common among socially disadvantaged groups, and geographically clusters in poor communities. The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a neighborhood-level index derived from census data that reflects material disadvantage. METHODS: We performed a geospatial analysis to determine if ADI predicts the local odds of CMV seropositivity. We analyzed a dataset of 3527 women who had been tested for CMV antibodies during pregnancy. We used generalized additive models to analyze the spatial distribution of CMV seropositivity. Adjusted models included individual-level age and race and neighborhood-level ADI. RESULTS: Our dataset included 1955 CMV seropositive women, 1549 who were seronegative, and 23 with recent CMV infection based on low avidity CMV antibodies. High ADI percentiles, representing greater neighborhood poverty, were significantly associated with the nonwhite race (48 vs. 22, p < 0.001) and CMV seropositivity (39 vs. 28, p < 0.001). Our unadjusted spatial models identified clustering of high CMV odds in poor, urban neighborhoods and clustering of low CMV odds in more affluent suburbs (local odds ratio 0.41 to 1.90). Adjustment for both individual race and neighborhood ADI largely eliminated this spatial variability. ADI remained a significant predictor of local CMV seroprevalence even after adjusting for individual race. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood-level poverty as measured by the ADI is a race-independent predictor of local CMV seroprevalence among pregnant women.

publication date

  • August 24, 2017

Research

keywords

  • Cytomegalovirus Infections
  • Ethnic Groups
  • Ethnicity
  • Minority Groups
  • Seroepidemiologic Studies
  • Vulnerable Populations

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC5826762

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85028315289

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1007/s40615-017-0423-4

PubMed ID

  • 28840519

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 5

issue

  • 4