Inferior Wall ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm, Cardiac Tamponade, and Partial Papillary Muscle Rupture.
Overview
abstract
Papillary muscle rupture (PMR) is a rare complication of myocardial infarction. Its incidence has been decreasing nowadays because of improved early revascularization techniques. When it occurs, surgical treatment is the only therapeutic lifesaving approach. We report a case of an 85-year-old female patient who presented to the emergency room with chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed inferior wall ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The patient was revascularized emergently with a drug-eluting stent to the obtuse marginal artery. An intra-aortic balloon pump was inserted for hemodynamic support. Six hours later, the patient developed shortness of breath with persistent hypotension. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed a large pericardial effusion with a pseudoaneurysm in the infero-septal apex. Immediate drainage of pericardial fluid was performed. Seventy-two hours later, the patient had flash pulmonary edema. A new severe eccentric mitral regurgitation was discovered on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Findings revealed a partial posteromedial papillary muscle tear and prolapse of the A2 scallop. The patient was not a candidate for surgical replacement or percutaneous repair due to the high surgical risk and poor functional status, and she passed away on day fifteen of her hospital stay. Limited case series have shown promising benefits of percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in selected high surgical risk patients and as a bridge to definitive mitral valve replacement. A diagnosis of PMR should be in the differential diagnosis, especially when evaluating hemodynamically unstable patients who present with prolonged symptoms.
