The Association Between Smoking and Anal Human Papillomavirus in the HPV Infection in Men Study.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies show an association between smoking and anal cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV prevalence, incidence and persistence in men. METHODS: The HPV infection in Men (HIM) Study is a multinational study that enrolled HIV-negative men. At baseline and follow-up visits, anal specimens were collected. HPV genotyping was assessed by Linear Array. Prevalence ratios (PR) were used to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV prevalence. Odds ratios (OR) were used to assess the association between smoking and anal HPV incidence and {greater than or equal to}12-months persistence. RESULTS: Current smokers have a higher prevalence (adjusted PR (aPR)=1.36, 95%CI: 1.06-1.73) and incidence (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.74, 95%CI: 1.26-2.39) and {greater than or equal to}12-months persistence (aOR= 1.67, 95%CI: 1.19-2.33) of any anal HPV compared to never smokers. There were no differences in the prevalence, incidence, or persistence of anal HPV between former and never smokers. Smoking status was not associated with the prevalence or persistence of anal HPV among MSM but was associated with higher incidence of HR-HPV. Among men that have sex with women (MSW), current smokers had an increased prevalence and incidence of LR-HPV compared to never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Current smokers had a higher prevalence, persistence, and incidence of HPV compared to never smokers. Further research is needed to assess the role smoking in anal HPV persistence and progression to disease. IMPACT: Prevention initiatives should raise awareness about smoking and the risk factor of anal HPV infection and anal cancer.
