Treatment of astrocytoma with a 5-day cisplatin infusion.

Overview

Although cisplatin may have intrinsic activity against astrocytoma, limited penetration into the central nervous system may severely curtail delivery of adequate amounts of drug to the tumor. In an attempt to increase the dose of delivered drug without markedly increasing toxicity, cisplatin was administered by 5-day continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 28 mg/m2/day (total dose 140 mg/m2) to 15 evaluable patients (5 with astrocytoma Grade III and 10 with astrocytoma Grade IV). Median age was 39 years, median Karnofsky Performance Status was 80%, and all patients had been previously treated with other modalities. One patient (7%) achieved Partial Response as demonstrated by increased strength of paretic extremities, increased Karnofsky Performance Status, and decrease of enhancing tumor mass on CT scan. Although nephrotoxicity was minimal, nausea and vomiting (usually mild) was seen in 14 patients. Myelosuppression was also common (anemia in 7 patients, leukopenia in 4 patients and thrombocytopenia in 3 patients). Ototoxicity was seen in 5 patients and may represent a combined modality toxicity with prior cranial radiotherapy. Routes and schedules which allow a higher peak serum concentration of cisplatin (such as subselective intracerebral artery infusion) may be necessary to achieve greater central nervous system drug penetration and to maximally exploit cisplatin in the treatment of astrocytoma.