Long-term multicenter comparison shows equivalent efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in severe asthma therapy. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies (biologics) drastically changed severe asthma therapy. Mepolizumab (anti-interleukin (IL) 5), benralizumab (anti-IL5 receptor alpha), and dupilumab (anti-IL4/13) are the most used biologics in this context. While all biologics are efficient individually, the choice of biologic is complicated by insufficient data on their comparative long-term treatment efficacy. Here, we compare the real-life efficacy of these biologics in asthma therapy over 12 months. METHODS: 280 severe asthma patients treated with mepolizumab (129/280, 46%), benralizumab (83/280, 30%) or dupilumab (68/280, 24%) for one year were analyzed retrospectively. Data were collected at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. Endpoints were changes pulmonary function (PF), exacerbation rate, oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and dose, asthma control test (ACT) score and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels as well as responder status measured by the recently published "Biologic Asthma Response Score" (BARS). RESULTS: All biologics led to significant improvements in PF, ACT and OCS dose. Only Mepolizumab and Benralizumab significantly decreased the exacerbation rate, while only Mepolizumab and Dupilumab significantly decreased FeNO. Responder rates measured by BARS were high across all groups: roughly half of all patients achieved full response and most of the remainder achieved at least partial responder status. Overall, outcomes were similar between groups after both 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: All biologics showed great efficacy in individual parameters and high responder rates measured by BARS without a clinically relevant advantage for any antibody. Response was usually achieved after 6 months and retained at 12 months, emphasizing the utility of early response assessment.

authors

  • Kayser, Moritz
  • Suhling, Hendrik
  • Fuge, Jan
  • Hinze, Christopher A
  • Drick, Nora
  • Kneidinger, Nikolaus
  • Behr, Jürgen
  • Taube, Christian
  • Welte, Tobias
  • Haasler, Ina
  • Milger, Katrin

publication date

  • March 21, 2024

Research

keywords

  • Anti-Asthmatic Agents
  • Asthma
  • Biological Products

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC10956233

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85188244950

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1186/s12890-024-02964-4

PubMed ID

  • 38515071

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 24

issue

  • 1