On pump or off pump: what will I do when I grow up?

Overview

The transition from the second to the third millennium happened to be a turning point in the history of myocardial revascularization on a beating heart, which moved from technical development to critical evaluation. This article describes how the initial acceptance and spread of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) was followed by the general perception that the technique could not fulfill the expectations placed in it, and provides some insight on what should we do with the know-how of OPCABG in the present and the future of coronary surgical revascularization.