A Modern-Day Algorithm for the Treatment of Multi-Ligament Knee Injuries.

Overview

INTRODUCTION: Multiligament knee injuries (MLKI) are rare and complex, significantly impacting long-term outcomes, with risks of osteoarthritis, joint stiffness, and reduced activity levels. OBJECTIVE: To explore the evolution of MLKI treatment protocols, comparing historical and modern approaches, and to present a patient-tailored, preservation-first algorithm. METHODS: This article reviews the literature on MLKI management, focusing on surgical timing, techniques, and rehabilitation protocols. The proposed algorithm categorizes MLKIs based on tear location and tissue quality, incorporating options, such as primary ligament repair, augmentation, and reconstruction. RESULTS: The modern preservation-first algorithm provides a tailored approach to MLKI treatment, addressing the complexity and heterogeneity of these injuries, and aims to mitigate risks like postoperative arthrofibrosis. CONCLUSION: MLKI management remains complex and controversial. The presented algorithm offers a structured, individualized treatment strategy that integrates modern surgical and rehabilitation advancements.