Management of refractory checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis. Review uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • INTRODUCTION: This review discusses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and factors associated with refractory immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis (r-IMDC), emphasizing tailored treatment strategies. AREAS COVERED: The current literature on r-IMDC was reviewed using PubMed (2015-2025), focusing on clinical trials, meta-analyses, and case reports relevant to its management. EXPERT OPINION: Effectively managing r-IMDC is crucial for balancing toxicities and antitumor response. Available second and third-line management options for r-IMDC cases must be carefully evaluated. Future perspectives include development of standardized protocols beyond second-line therapies and predictive biomarkers to enable personalized treatment.

publication date

  • April 21, 2025

Identity

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1080/14740338.2025.2496431

PubMed ID

  • 40251944