Factors affecting infection risk and revision rates in shunted pediatric hydrocephalus: 10 years of data from a single academic center.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
PURPOSE: To identify clinical variables associated with ventricular shunt infection and shunt failure in pediatric hydrocephalus. METHODS: Patients ≤ 18 years treated with ventricular shunts between 2013 and 2024 were identified from one institution's electronic medical record. Children with a confirmed diagnosis of hydrocephalus and ≥ 6 months of postoperative follow-up were included. Primary and revision shunt surgeries were included. Records were manually reviewed for clinical variables. Statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.2.3). RESULTS: The dataset included 474 surgeries, 146 primary and 328 revisions, undergone by 226 patients. Infection necessitating removal of a previously placed shunt occurred following 3.59% (17/474) of cases. Discharge in ≤ 4 days had a 75% lower relative risk for infection compared to stays > 4 days (1.5% vs. 6% 100-day infection risk; p = 0.011). Patients who underwent revision surgeries for shunt infections were more likely to experience subsequent infections in the first 100 days postoperatively than those revised for other causes (2.42% vs. 21.05%; p < 0.0001). Patient characteristics associated with shunt failure during the 10-year study included younger age (median age: 2.23 years in those with failure vs. 6.62 years in those without; p < 0.0002) and lower weight (median weight: 11.8 kg vs. 20.3 kg; p < 0.0002) at the time of admission. Congenital hydrocephalus (OR = 1.86; p = 0.0045) and aqueductal stenosis (OR = 1.75; p = 0.025) were also associated with shunt failure. CONCLUSIONS: Length of stay > 4 days and previous shunt infection are associated with an increased risk of infection after shunt surgery. These findings are important to consider when counseling pediatric patients and during postoperative monitoring.
