BACKGROUND: Progress in laparoscopic surgery and the employment of minimally invasive techniques have led to the emergence of a new branch in this field, laparoscopic endoluminal surgery (LES). METHODS: LES encompasses all surgical procedures that involve intentional trocar or instrument penetration into the lumen of the gut in order to perform a surgical procedure. The integrity of the organ is preserved except for the small enterotomy sites and the operated area. The procedure is technically demanding and requires sound endoscopic skills. RESULTS: The experience in LES has primarily involved the stomach and right colon for two reasons. First, these organs have a larger volume/surface ratio in the gut; therefore, they are accessible for the endoluminal instruments. Second, even limited resection of the stomach or colon can potentially carry a significant morbidity. LES minimizes the extent of this resection. CONCLUSIONS: In this paper we review recent developments in LES, discuss the technical aspects of the procedure, and recommend its applicability.
