Understanding Host Immunity and the Gut Microbiota Inspires the New Development of Vaccines and Adjuvants. Review uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Vaccinations improve the mortality and morbidity rates associated with several infections through the generation of antigen-specific immune responses. Adjuvants are often used together with vaccines to improve immunogenicity. However, the immune responses induced by most on-going vaccines and adjuvants approved for human use vary in individuals; this is a limitation that must be overcome to improve vaccine efficacy. Several reports have indicated that the symbiotic bacteria, particularly the gut microbiota, impact vaccine-mediated antigen-specific immune responses and promote the induction of nonspecific responses via the "training" of innate immune cells. Therefore, the interaction between gut microbiota and innate immune cells should be considered to ensure the optimal immunogenicity of vaccines and adjuvants. In this review, we first introduce the current knowledge on the immunological mechanisms of vaccines and adjuvants. Subsequently, we discuss how the gut microbiota influences immunity and highlight the relationship between gut microbes and trained innate immunity, vaccines, and adjuvants. Understanding these complex interactions will provide insights into novel vaccine approaches centered on the gut microbiota.

publication date

  • January 26, 2021

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC7911583

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 84920504512

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020163

PubMed ID

  • 33530627

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 13

issue

  • 2