Steroid withdrawal, rejection and the mixed lymphocyte reaction in children after renal transplantation.
Academic Article
Overview
abstract
With improved long-term graft survival after renal transplantation, cardiovascular mortality is emerging as the leading cause of death in adults and is also being reported in children. Chronic corticosteroid therapy is thought to be an important cause of post-transplant hyperlipidemia and hypertension. This study describes a steroid withdrawal protocol initiated to reduced cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric renal allograft recipients, reports on the rate of rejection observed and the use of an in vitro method to measure immunoresponsiveness and identify those patients who have not experienced a rejection episode. Thirty-six of 67 patients were able to discontinue prednisone and were maintained on cyclosporine alone. Twenty-two of the 36 patients experienced an acute rejection episode a mean of 14 months (range 1.5 to 36 months) after completion of the steroid taper. Ten of the 22 rejections occurred within 12 months after completion of the taper. Fourteen patients remain rejection free to date for a mean of 70.3 months (range 19 to 111 months) after withdrawal. Using the mixed lymphocyte culture reaction, we tested the hypothesis that steroid dependent recipients (SDR) will express donor antigen specific responsiveness and steroid independent recipients (SIR) will exhibit donor antigen-specific tolerance. Four of seven SDR were tolerant to donor specific antigens but responsive to unrelated controls, while five of six SIR were responsive to donor specific antigens. These unanticipated results highlight the complexity of allograft tolerance.
