Chloride binding site of neurotransmitter sodium symporters. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Neurotransmitter:sodium symporters (NSSs) play a critical role in signaling by reuptake of neurotransmitters. Eukaryotic NSSs are chloride-dependent, whereas prokaryotic NSS homologs like LeuT are chloride-independent but contain an acidic residue (Glu290 in LeuT) at a site where eukaryotic NSSs have a serine. The LeuT-E290S mutant displays chloride-dependent activity. We show that, in LeuT-E290S cocrystallized with bromide or chloride, the anion is coordinated by side chain hydroxyls from Tyr47, Ser290, and Thr254 and the side chain amide of Gln250. The bound anion and the nearby sodium ion in the Na1 site organize a connection between their coordinating residues and the extracellular gate of LeuT through a continuous H-bond network. The specific insights from the structures, combined with results from substrate binding studies and molecular dynamics simulations, reveal an anion-dependent occlusion mechanism for NSS and shed light on the functional role of chloride binding.

publication date

  • May 2, 2013

Research

keywords

  • Bacteria
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Chlorides
  • Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC3666746

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 84878161718

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1073/pnas.1221279110

PubMed ID

  • 23641004

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 110

issue

  • 21