Expansion of Bacteriophages Is Linked to Aggravated Intestinal Inflammation and Colitis. Academic Article uri icon

Overview

abstract

  • Bacteriophages are the most abundant members of the microbiota and have the potential to shape gut bacterial communities. Changes to bacteriophage composition are associated with disease, but how phages impact mammalian health remains unclear. We noted an induction of host immunity when experimentally treating bacterially driven cancer, leading us to test whether bacteriophages alter immune responses. Treating germ-free mice with bacteriophages leads to immune cell expansion in the gut. Lactobacillus, Escherichia, and Bacteroides bacteriophages and phage DNA stimulated IFN-γ via the nucleotide-sensing receptor TLR9. The resultant immune responses were both phage and bacteria specific. Additionally, increasing bacteriophage levels exacerbated colitis via TLR9 and IFN-γ. Similarly, ulcerative colitis (UC) patients responsive to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have reduced phages compared to non-responders, and mucosal IFN-γ positively correlates with bacteriophage levels. Bacteriophages from active UC patients induced more IFN-γ compared to healthy individuals. Collectively, these results indicate that bacteriophages can alter mucosal immunity to impact mammalian health.

publication date

  • February 13, 2019

Research

keywords

  • Bacteria
  • Bacteriophages
  • Colitis, Ulcerative
  • Colorectal Neoplasms
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome
  • Intestinal Mucosa

Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC6885004

Scopus Document Identifier

  • 85060769201

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/j.chom.2019.01.008

PubMed ID

  • 30763538

Additional Document Info

volume

  • 25

issue

  • 2